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1.
Eur J Psychotraumatol ; 14(2): 2263321, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37846637

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has been identified as a risk factor for later sexual aggression perpetration and vulnerability factor for sexual victimization. However, the use of cross-sectional designs, the focus on female victimization and male perpetration, and the lack of evidence from outside North America limit the existing knowledge base. OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to examine pathways from CSA to sexual revictimization and sexual aggression perpetration after the age of consent. METHOD: A total of 588 university students in Germany (308 female) took part in a three-wave longitudinal study covering 23 months. At each wave (T1-T3), all participants completed measures of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration. Experiences of CSA were measured at T1. RESULTS: The rate of CSA was significantly higher for women (20.8%) than for men (12.4%). Rates of sexual victimization for women were 60.9% at Time 1 (since age 14), 22.3% at Time 2 (since T1), and 17.4% at Time 3 (since T2). For men, the rates were 39.2% at Time 1, 15.9% at Time 2, and 14.1% at Time 3. Rates of sexual aggression perpetration for women were 10.6% at Time 1 (since age 14), 3.5% at Time 2 (since T1), and 3.6% at Time 3 (since T2). For men, the rates were 18.0% at Time 1, 6.2% at Time 2, and 3.8% at Time 3. The gender differences in victimization and perpetration were significant only at T1. CSA predicted higher odds of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration cross-sectionally at T1 and indirectly at T2 and T3 via T1. Gender did not moderate the associations. CONCLUSION: The results confirm previous findings of elevated rates of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration in adolescence and young adulthood in victims of CSA. The implications for understanding and preventing adverse sexuality-related outcomes of CSA are discussed.


Childhood sexual abuse has been linked to an increased vulnerability to sexual revictimization and risk of later sexual aggression perpetration.This longitudinal study based on a large sample of university students in Germany with three data waves covering 23 months shows that sexual abuse in childhood increases the odds of experiencing and engaging in sexual aggression in adolescence and young adulthood.The associations with later sexual aggression victimization and perpetration held for both female and male victims of childhood sexual abuse.


Assuntos
Vítimas de Crime , Delitos Sexuais , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Estudos Longitudinais , Estudos Transversais , Estudantes , Agressão
2.
J Anal Psychol ; 68(2): 227-240, 2023 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36994544

RESUMO

The article discusses dominance and oppression in society due to cultural complexes filled with collective memories of destructiveness and perpetration, implicit memories which have remained repressed. Individual personal complexes and traumas are intertwined with traumatizing historical circumstances, setting up pairs of perpetrator and victim. The metaphors of devouring and asphyxiation are used to denote interpersonal and group relationships in which feelings of imprisonment, suffocating anxiety and expulsion are predominant, all of which leads to painful projections and introjections, dissociation and suffering. Asphyxiating death symbolizes not only environmental devastation by fire, the pandemic and the plague, but is also seen as a symptom of acute anxiety in modern times. Devouring stands for the annulment of the objectified Other in a patriarchal society best revealed in fratricidal struggles, the oppression of women and, ultimately, wars.


L'article traite de la domination et de l'oppression dans la société, du fait de complexes culturels chargés de souvenirs de destruction et de culpabilité, de mémoires implicites qui sont restées refoulées. Les complexes personnels et les traumatismes des individus sont entremêlés avec les circonstances historiques traumatisantes. Ainsi se forment des couples coupable-victime. Les métaphores de dévoration et d'asphyxie sont utilisées pour désigner des relations interpersonnelles et de groupe dans lesquelles les sentiments d'emprisonnement, l'angoisse d'étouffement et l'expulsion sont prédominants, tout cela menant à des projections et des introjections douloureuses, à de la dissociation et de la souffrance. La mort par asphyxie symbolise non seulement la dévastation de l'environnement par l'incendie, la pandémie et la peste, mais est aussi comprise comme un symptôme d'anxiété aigüe à notre époque. La dévoration signifie l'annulation d'un Autre traité comme un objet dans une société patriarcale qui se dévoile dans des batailles fratricides, l'oppression des femmes et au final, les guerres.


El artículo analiza la dominación y la opresión en la sociedad debido a complejos culturales llenos de memorias colectivas de destructividad y perpetración, memorias implícitas que han permanecido reprimidas. Los complejos y traumas personales individuales se entrelazan con circunstancias históricas traumatizantes, estableciendo pares de perpetrador y víctima. Las metáforas de la devoración y la asfixia se utilizan para denotar relaciones interpersonales y grupales en las que predominan sentimientos de aprisionamiento, ansiedad sofocante y expulsión, todo lo cual conduce a proyecciones e introyecciones dolorosas, disociación y sufrimiento. La muerte asfixiante simboliza no sólo la devastación medioambiental por el fuego, la pandemia y la peste, sino que también se considera un síntoma de ansiedad aguda en los tiempos modernos. Devorar representa la anulación del Otro cosificado en una sociedad patriarcal que sobre todo se revela en las luchas fratricidas, la opresión de la mujer y, en última instancia, las guerras.


Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade , Asfixia , Humanos , Feminino , Ansiedade , Emoções
3.
Acta colomb. psicol ; 24(1): 154-166, Jan.-June 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1278131

RESUMO

Resumen La violencia en el noviazgo es un fenómeno multifactorial que requiere de estudios que profundicen respecto a los efectos que tienen las creencias culturales en el comportamiento tanto del agresor como de la víctima. Teniendo esto en cuenta, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la relación entre las creencias acerca de la violencia y la prevalencia de la violencia en el noviazgo. Para ello, se contó con una muestra de 420 estudiantes de dos universidades públicas mexicanas que respondieron el Inventario de creencias acerca de la violencia hacia la esposa, el Inventario de conflictos en las relaciones de noviazgo, y un cuestionario de información sociodemográfica. Los datos recolectados fueron examinados por medio de un análisis de correlación canónica, y los resultados mostraron que el modelo en general fue estadísticamente significativo (Wilks X = .654, F(20, 677.54) = 4.626,p < .05); que el tamaño del efecto del modelo general fue de .346, lo que indica que este explicó el 34.6 % de la varianza compartida por los dos conjuntos de variables; y que, específicamente en la primera función, el coeficiente de mayor magnitud fue el de la variable de justificación de la violencia (r2 s = 76.2; h 2 = 90.0), seguido por la del apoyo que se le puede brindar a la víctima (r2 s = 57.1; h2 = 94.5).


Abstract Dating violence is a multifactorial phenomenon that requires in-depth studies regarding the effects that cultural beliefs have on the behavior of both the aggressor and the victim. With this in mind, the objective of this research was to determine the relationship between beliefs about violence and the prevalence of dating violence. To this end, a sample of 420 students from two Mexican public universities answered the Inventory of Beliefs about Wife Violence, the Inventory of Conflicts in Dating Relationships, and a sociodemographic information questionnaire. The data collected were examined through a canonical correlation analysis, and the results showed that the overall model was statistically significant (Wilks X = .654, F (20, 677.54) = 4.626, p < .05); that the effect size of the overall model was .346, indicating that it explained 34. 6 % of the variance shared by the two sets of variables; and that, specifically in the first function, the coefficient of greatest magnitude was that of the variable of justification of the violence (r2 s = 76.2; h2 = 90.0), followed by that of the support that can be given to the victim (r2 s = 57.1; h2 = 94.5).

4.
Rev. salud pública Parag ; 7(1): 28-32, ene-jun. 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: biblio-884650

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: El maltrato contra el trabajador de la salud aparenta estar en aumento, presentándose en forma física, verbal o como acoso cibernético. Las consecuencias pueden ser devastadoras. OBJETIVO: Conocer la prevalencia del maltrato, tipo, perpetrador y factores asociados a la presencia del citado fenómeno de estudio. Población: Trabajadores de la salud de cualquier área del Servicio de Pediatría de un hospital público de segundo nivel que aceptaron voluntariamente participar de la encuesta. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Encuesta auto administrada conteniendo las variables del estudio, con opciones cerradas. RESULTADOS: Ingresaron al estudio 50 trabajadores de la salud; 70% correspondió a personal de enfermería, 48% en la franja etaria de 31 a 40 años. En la Urgencia Pediátrica se encontraban 40%, en sala de internación 36%. Un 90% reportó haber recibido maltrato, principalmente de los familiares (86%), preferentemente del tipo verbal (90%). Un ínfimo porcentaje denunció el maltrato. No se conocen leyes que los protejan ni guías de manejo de crisis. No se encontraron factores asociados a la posibilidad de sufrir maltrato en relación a edad, sexo, profesión ni área de servicio. CONCLUSIÓN: La prevalencia de maltrato es preocupantemente elevada, siendo la forma verbal más frecuente. El perpetrador más importante es el familiar del paciente. No se conocen leyes ni guías de manejo ante situaciones de violencia. Son necesarios estudios poblacionales más amplios para poder establecer factores que propicien el maltrato al TS.


INTRODUCTION: Maltreatment against HCWs appears to be on the rise, occurring in physical, verbal or cyber bullying. The consequences can be devastating. OBJECTIVE: To know the prevalence of abuse, type, perpetrator and factors associated with the presence of the cited study phenomenon. Population: HCWs of any area of the Pediatric Service of a second-level public hospital who voluntarily agreed to participate in the survey. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Self-administered survey containing the variables of the study, with closed options. RESULTS: 50 HCWs were admitted to the study. 70% corresponded to nursing staff, 48% in the age group from 31 to 40 years old. From the Pediatric Emergency were 40%, and from the hospitalization area 36%. 90% had received mistreatment, mainly from relatives (86%), preferably verbal (90%). A small percentage denounced the abuse. There are no known laws protecting them or crisis management guides. There were no factors associated with the possibility of suffering abuse in relation to age, sex, profession or service area. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of abuse is worrisome high, being the most frequent verbal form. The most important perpetrator was the patient's relative. No laws or management guides are known in situations of violence. More extensive population studies are needed to establish factors that may lead to abuse against HCWs


Assuntos
Humanos , Agressão , Agressão/psicologia , Mão de Obra em Saúde , Paraguai
5.
Salud UNINORTE ; 28(1): 27-35, ene-jun. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-659509

RESUMO

Objetivos: Conocer las autopercepciones de los supuestos perpetradores en el proceso de acoso psicológico en el trabajo. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo a presuntos perpetradores de acoso psicológico en el trabajo con base en el método fenomenológico a partir de entrevistas en profundidad. El análisis e interpretación se efectuó con el programa Atlas.ti. Resultados: Participaron nueve sujetos que realizan funciones directivas. Las autodescripciones se constituyeron de las percepciones de los entrevistados. Se conformaron tres categorías centrales: las capacidades personales y habilidades para la dirección, los principios en el ejercicio del cargo y las conductas precursoras de acoso psicológico. Los presuntos perpetradores hacen una especie de recomposición perceptual y cognitiva que les distancia del reconocerse como causantes de acoso psicológico.A pesar de que solo dos entrevistados reconocieron su condición de perpetrador, los siete restantes bien pueden ser denominados como tales, ya que en algún momento su comportamiento fue violento, ya sea verbal o conductualmente, y provocó menoscabo en el estado psicológico y emocional de sus víctimas. Conclusiones: Las limitaciones que tienen los hallazgos de un estudio como el que se presenta son evidentes. Sin embargo, consideramos que el alcance futuro de estudios de corte cualitativo que analicen el fenómeno del acoso psicológico en el trabajo está aún intacto y, por ende, representa un área de oportunidad para la generación de conocimiento en el tema.


Objective: To know the self-perceptions of alleged perpetrators in the process of mobbing at workplace. Materials and methods: A qualitative study was realized to alleged perpetrators of mobbing at workplace. We used the phenomenological method from interviews in depth. The analysis and interpretation was carried out by the software Atlas.ti. 6.2 Results: They informed nine subjects that realize managerial functions. The self-descriptions were constituted of the perceptions of the interviewed ones. Three central categories conformed; personal capacities and management skills, personal principles in the exercise of the job post and mobbing at workplace behaviors. The alleged perpetrators do a species of perceptual and cognitive alteration that distances them from being recognizing as mobbers. In spite of the fact that only two interviewed ones recognized their condition of perpetrators, although the other seven can be well named as such, since in some moment his behavior was violent, already be verbal or behaviorally and it provoked a damage in the psychological and emotional condition of his victims. Conclusions: The limitations that take the findings of this study appears are evident. Nevertheless, we think that the future scope of studies of qualitative cut that should analyze the phenomenon of mobbing at workplace is still intact, and it represents an area of opportunity for the generation of knowledge in the topic.

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